abstract：BACKGROUND:Asthma management guidelines recommend low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as first-line therapy for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma. The addition of anti-leukotriene agents to ICS offers a therapeutic option in cases of suboptimal control with daily ICS. OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Chauhan BF,Jeyaraman MM,Singh Mann A,Lys J,Abou-Setta AM,Zarychanski R,Ducharme FM

更新日期：2017-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The current paradigm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) emphasises absolute risk assessment to guide treatment decisions in primary prevention. Although the derivation and validation of multivariable risk assessment tools, or CVD risk scores, have attracted considerable attention, their effect on clinical outc...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Karmali KN,Persell SD,Perel P,Lloyd-Jones DM,Berendsen MA,Huffman MD

更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tongue-tie, or ankyloglossia, is a condition whereby the lingual frenulum attaches near the tip of the tongue and may be short, tight and thick. Tongue-tie is present in 4% to 11% of newborns. Tongue-tie has been cited as a cause of poor breastfeeding and maternal nipple pain. Frenotomy, which is commonly pe...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： O'Shea JE,Foster JP,O'Donnell CP,Breathnach D,Jacobs SE,Todd DA,Davis PG

更新日期：2017-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hereditary haemochromatosis is a genetic disorder related to proteins involved in iron transport, resulting in iron load and deposition of iron in various tissues of the body. This iron overload leads to complications including liver cirrhosis (and related complications such as liver failure and hepatocellul...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Buzzetti E,Kalafateli M,Thorburn D,Davidson BR,Tsochatzis E,Gurusamy KS

更新日期：2017-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet ASCVD risk factor control and secondary prevention rates remain low. A fixed-dose combination of blood pressure- and cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet treatments into a single pill, or polypill, has...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bahiru E,de Cates AN,Farr MR,Jarvis MC,Palla M,Rees K,Ebrahim S,Huffman MD

更新日期：2017-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Outpatient care facilities provide a variety of basic healthcare services to individuals who do not require hospitalisation or institutionalisation, and are usually the patient's first contact. The provision of outpatient care contributes to immediate and large gains in health status, and a large portion of ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Yuan B,He L,Meng Q,Jia L

更新日期：2017-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute paralysing disease caused by peripheral nerve inflammation. This is an update of a review first published in 2001 and last updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of plasma exchange for treating GBS. SEARCH METHODS:On 18 January 2016 we searched the Cochr...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Chevret S,Hughes RA,Annane D

更新日期：2017-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the recent years, a variety of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) procedures have emerged that may provide a treatment option to participants suffering from moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of BLVR on the short- and long-term health...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： van Agteren JE,Hnin K,Grosser D,Carson KV,Smith BJ

更新日期：2017-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Orthodontic treatment involves using fixed or removable appliances (dental braces) to correct the positions of teeth. The success of a fixed appliance depends partly on the metal attachments (brackets and bands) being glued to the teeth so that they do not become detached during treatment. Brackets (metal sq...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Millett DT,Mandall NA,Mattick RC,Hickman J,Glenny AM

更新日期：2017-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Glaucoma is the international leading cause of irreversible blindness. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only currently known modifiable risk factor; it can be reduced by medications, incisional surgery, or laser trabeculoplasty (LTP). LTP reduces IOP by 25% to 30% from baseline, but early acute IOP elevatio...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zhang L,Weizer JS,Musch DC

更新日期：2017-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Febrile seizures occurring in a child older than one month during an episode of fever affect 2% to 4% of children in Great Britain and the United States and recur in 30%. Rapid-acting antiepileptics and antipyretics given during subsequent fever episodes have been used to avoid the adverse effects of continu...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Offringa M,Newton R,Cozijnsen MA,Nevitt SJ

更新日期：2017-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a prevalent and serious condition. Its medical treatment requires anticoagulation, usually with either unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH) is usually intravenous (IV) but can be subcutaneous as well. This is an ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Robertson L,Strachan J

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are associated with prolonged hospital stay and death compared with infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Appropriate antibiotic use in hospitals should ensure effective treatment of patients with i...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Davey P,Marwick CA,Scott CL,Charani E,McNeil K,Brown E,Gould IM,Ramsay CR,Michie S

更新日期：2017-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Childhood vaccination is an effective way to prevent serious childhood illnesses, but many children do not receive all the recommended vaccines. There are various reasons for this; some parents lack access because of poor quality health services, long distances or lack of money. Other parents may not trust v...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ames HM,Glenton C,Lewin S

更新日期：2017-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic pain following mesh-based inguinal hernia repair is frequently reported, and has a significant impact on quality of life. Whether mesh fixation with glue can reduce chronic pain without increasing the recurrence rate is still controversial. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether tissue adhesives can reduce...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sun P,Cheng X,Deng S,Hu Q,Sun Y,Zheng Q

更新日期：2017-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Eczema is a chronic skin disease characterised by dry skin, intense itching, inflammatory skin lesions, and a considerable impact on quality of life. Moisturisation is an integral part of treatment, but it is unclear if moisturisers are effective. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of moisturisers for eczema....

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： van Zuuren EJ,Fedorowicz Z,Christensen R,Lavrijsen A,Arents BWM

更新日期：2017-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dementia is a collective name for different degenerative brain syndromes which, according to Alzheimer's Disease International, affects approximately 35.6 million people worldwide. The latest NICE guideline for dementia highlights the value of diverse treatment options for the different stages and symptoms o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Karkou V,Meekums B

更新日期：2017-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Excision of the transformation zone of the cervix is the most commonly used approach to treat cervical precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)) to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. As the excision of the transformation zone leaves a raw area on the cervix, there is a risk ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kietpeerakool C,Chumworathayi B,Thinkhamrop J,Ussahgij B,Lumbiganon P

更新日期：2017-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Women with a septate uterus are at increased risk for subfertility, recurrent miscarriage, and preterm birth. Restoration of the anatomy of the uterus by hysteroscopic septum resection is an established intervention. This treatment has been assessed mainly in retrospective cohort studies, which suggested a p...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rikken JF,Kowalik CR,Emanuel MH,Mol BW,Van der Veen F,van Wely M,Goddijn M

更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This review supersedes the original Cochrane review first published in 2008 (Huertas-Ceballos 2008).Between 4% and 25% of school-aged children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) severe enough to interfere with their daily activities. No organic cause for this pain can be found on physical examination...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Abbott RA,Martin AE,Newlove-Delgado TV,Bethel A,Thompson-Coon J,Whear R,Logan S

更新日期：2017-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is an update of the Cochrane review published in 2002.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries. Experimental evidence has supported the hypothesis that dietary fibre may protect against the development of CRC, although epidemiologic data have been i...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Yao Y,Suo T,Andersson R,Cao Y,Wang C,Lu J,Chui E

更新日期：2017-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM) at term is managed expectantly or by planned early birth. It is not clear if waiting for birth to occur spontaneously is better than intervening, e.g. by inducing labour. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review is to assess the effects of planned early birth (immediate ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Middleton P,Shepherd E,Flenady V,McBain RD,Crowther CA

更新日期：2017-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder associated with haemorrhaging into joints and muscles. Exercise is often used to aid recovery after bleeds, and to improve joint function in the presence of arthropathy. OBJECTIVES:Our objective was to systematically review the available evidence on the safety and effectiv...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Strike K,Mulder K,Michael R

更新日期：2016-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:People experiencing acute psychotic illnesses, especially those associated with agitated or violent behaviour, may require urgent pharmacological tranquillisation or sedation. Droperidol, a butyrophenone antipsychotic, has been used for this purpose in several countries. OBJECTIVES:To estimate the effects o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Khokhar MA,Rathbone J

更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Embryo transfer (ET) was traditionally performed two days after oocyte retrieval; however, developments in culture media have allowed embryos to be maintained in culture for longer periods. Delaying transfer from Day two to Day three would allow for further development of the embryo and might have a positive...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Brown J,Daya S,Matson P

更新日期：2016-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Good unaided distance visual acuity (VA) is now a realistic expectation following cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Near vision, however, still requires additional refractive power, usually in the form of reading glasses. Multiple optic (multifocal) IOLs are available which claim to a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： de Silva SR,Evans JR,Kirthi V,Ziaei M,Leyland M

更新日期：2016-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The management of pressure ulcers involves several interventions ranging from pressure-relieving measures such as repositioning, to treatments that can include reconstructive surgery. Such surgery may be considered for recalcitrant wounds when full thickness skin loss arises and deeper structures such as mus...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wong JK,Amin K,Dumville JC

更新日期：2016-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than five years of age. Most deaths occur during infancy and in low-income countries. Daily zinc supplements have been reported to prevent acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and reduce child mortality. This is an update o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lassi ZS,Moin A,Bhutta ZA

更新日期：2016-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common disease that causes discomfort and impairs the quality of life of affected persons. Treatments such as physical exercise that aim to increase the movement of the ankle joint and strengthen the muscle pump in the calf of the leg may be useful to reduce the sympto...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Araujo DN,Ribeiro CT,Maciel AC,Bruno SS,Fregonezi GA,Dias FA

更新日期：2016-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein play an important role in the development of atheromas and, therefore, in cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol biosynthesis follows a circadian rhythm and is principally produced at night (between 12:00 am and 6:00 am). The adjustment of hypoli...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Izquierdo-Palomares JM,Fernandez-Tabera JM,Plana MN,Añino Alba A,Gómez Álvarez P,Fernandez-Esteban I,Saiz LC,Martin-Carrillo P,Pinar López Ó

更新日期：2016-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) and briakinumab (ABT-874) are monoclonal antibodies that target the standard p40 subunit of the cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 (IL-12/23p40), which are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this review were to assess the efficacy a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： MacDonald JK,Nguyen TM,Khanna R,Timmer A

更新日期：2016-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The explicit use of theory in research helps expand the knowledge base. Theories and models have been used extensively in HIV-prevention research and in interventions for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The health behavior field uses many theories or models of change. However, many educati...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lopez LM,Grey TW,Chen M,Tolley EE,Stockton LL

更新日期：2016-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Neck pain is one of the three most frequently reported complaints of the musculoskeletal system. Treatments for neck pain are varied, as are perceptions of benefit. Acupuncture has been used as an alternative to more conventional treatment for musculoskeletal pain. This review summarises the most current sci...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Trinh K,Graham N,Irnich D,Cameron ID,Forget M

更新日期：2016-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is one of the most common skin problems in adults who are incontinent for urine, stool, or both. In practice, products and procedures are the same for both prevention and treatment of IAD. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of var...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Beeckman D,Van Damme N,Schoonhoven L,Van Lancker A,Kottner J,Beele H,Gray M,Woodward S,Fader M,Van den Bussche K,Van Hecke A,De Meyer D,Verhaeghe S

更新日期：2016-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lead poisoning is associated with physical, cognitive and neurobehavioural impairment in children, and trials have tested many household interventions to prevent lead exposure. This is an update of the original review, first published in 2008. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of household interventions for ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nussbaumer-Streit B,Yeoh B,Griebler U,Pfadenhauer LM,Busert LK,Lhachimi SK,Lohner S,Gartlehner G

更新日期：2016-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased the need for evidence-based treatments to lessen the impact of symptoms. Presently, no therapies are available to effectively treat individuals with all of the symptoms of this disorder. It has been suggested that hyperbaric oxygen therapy...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Xiong T,Chen H,Luo R,Mu D

更新日期：2016-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Bifeprunox is a novel antipsychotic drug designed to treat schizophrenia. However, research into the drug was ceased in 2009 due to rejection of licence to go to market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), who could not approve the drug for acute or long-term symptoms of schizophrenia because more r...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Chattopadhyay A,Frey S,Green G

更新日期：2016-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The debate about how, where and by whom young children should be looked after is one which has occupied much social policy and media attention in recent years. Mothers undertake most of the care of young children. Internationally, out-of-home day-care provision ranges widely. These different levels of provis...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zoritch B,Roberts I,Oakley A

更新日期：2016-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease is a group of genetic diseases which is especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions; however, forced migration and ongoing population movement have spread it throughout the world, with estimated birth rates reaching 0.49 per 1000 in the Americas, 0.07 per 1000 in Europe, 0.68...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Asnani MR,Quimby KR,Bennett NR,Francis DK

更新日期：2016-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition among patients in intensive care units (ICU), and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a blood purification technique used to treat the most severe forms of AKI but its effectiveness remains uncl...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Fayad AI,Buamscha DG,Ciapponi A

更新日期：2016-10-04 00:00:00